Some Smart Guys

“To take from one, because it is thought his own industry and that of
his fathers has acquired too much, in order to spare to others, who, or
whose fathers, have not exercised equal industry and skill, is to
violate arbitrarily the first principle of association, the guarantee
to everyone the free exercise of his industry and the fruits acquired
by it.” — Thomas Jefferson, letter to Joseph Milligan, April 6, 1816

“A wise and frugal government… shall restrain men from injuring one
another, shall leave them otherwise free to regulate their own pursuits
of industry and improvement, and shall not take from the mouth of labor
the bread it has earned. This is the sum of good government.” — Thomas
Jefferson, First Inaugural Address, March 4, 1801

“Congress has not unlimited powers to provide for the general welfare,
but only those specifically enumerated.” — Thomas Jefferson

“The moment the idea is admitted into society that property is not as
sacred as the laws of God, and that there is not a force of law and
public justice to protect it, anarchy and tyranny commence. If ‘Thou
shalt not covet’ and ‘Thou shalt not steal’ were not commandments of
Heaven, they must be made inviolable precepts in every society before
it can be civilized or made free.” — John Adams, A Defense of the
Constitutions of Government of the United States of America, 1787

“With respect to the two words ‘general welfare,’ I have always
regarded them as qualified by the detail of powers connected with them.
To take them in a literal and unlimited sense would be a metamorphosis
of the Constitution into a character which there is a host of proofs
was not contemplated by its creators.” — James Madison in a letter to
James Robertson

In 1794, when Congress appropriated $15,000 for relief of French
refugees who fled from insurrection in San Domingo to Baltimore and
Philadelphia, James Madison stood on the floor of the House to object
saying:

“I cannot undertake to lay my finger on that article of the
Constitution which granted a right to Congress of expending, on objects
of benevolence, the money of their constituents.” — James Madison, 4
Annals of Congress 179, 1794

“[T]he government of the United States is a definite government,
confined to specified objects. It is not like the state governments,
whose powers are more general. Charity is no part of the legislative
duty of the government.” — James Madison

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